The game is administered using a flipbook with pages that contain between one and four houses, each with a color drawing of an animal inside and a circle of color at the top.
DIGIT SPAN ACTIVITY SERIES
This game requires children to remember a series of animals while being distracted by additional information (colors). The Operation Span task ( Blair & Willoughby, 2006) was used to assess children’s working memory. During the initial home visit (ie, just prior to the recordings), trained research assistants tested children’s executive functions and mothers reported on children’s social skills and behavior problems.Įxecutive functions. Bindman, in Socializing Children Through Language, 2016 MeasuresĬhild outcomes. For both OSPAN and RSPAN, the dependent variable is the total number of words/letters correctly recalled. Individuals are tested on three series of each length (12 in total). In both the OSPAN and the RSPAN, each series consists of a random number of strings between two and five. At the end of the series, they write down the sequence of letters. In the RSPAN, individuals read the sentence aloud and are asked to verify whether the sentence makes sense. The RSPAN involves reading a series of sentence–letter strings (e.g., “Walking in the park is a very enjoyable activity.” (Does this make sense?) M). At the end of the series, they write down the sequence of words. Individuals are presented with one equation–word string at a time (e.g., (3 × 4) − 2 = 10? CAT) on a computer and asked to verify aloud whether the equation is correct (hence the question mark). In the OSPAN task, the participants must solve a series of arithmetic equations while attempting to remember a list of unrelated words. Operation span (OSPAN) ( Turner & Engle, 1989) and reading span (RSPAN) ( Daneman & Carpenter, 1980) tests require updating and monitoring of working memory representations. Terry McMorris, in Exercise-Cognition Interaction, 2016 Operation Span and Reading Span Tasks
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